Nixtamalization Of Corn: Ancient Secret Of The Americas

Nixtamalization Of Corn: Ancient Secret Of The Americas

Impossible to talk about beans (see previous post) without alluding to their twin sibling maize. Domesticated as long as 8700 years ago in the low-lands of what is now Oaxaca in southern Mexico, corn is not short on history. But when corn was introduced to the world by the Spanish, they left behind one vital ingredient

Nixtamal: Secret Of Ancient America

By reputation corn is considered a second-rate grain: relatively low in protein, high in carbs and lacking in key vitamins and other micro-nutrients. Think polenta, tasty only as its companion sauce

Now, consider Mexican tortillas fresh off the skillet. These also contain tasty fillings, but now they complement the delicious taste of corn which holds centre-stage. And with taste comes nutrition. This corn has more protein and a significantly greater range of vitamins and minerals. The difference? A 1500 year-old process unique to pre-colombian Central America: nixtamalization (more…)

A Flavorful Fiesta: Cooking the Perfect Mexican Black Beans

A Flavorful Fiesta: Cooking the Perfect Mexican Black Beans

Authentically Mexican Black Beans

Beans have been a staple of traditional Mexican and other American societies since antiquity. Paired with maize or corn they’ve been providing complete protein and energy to entire civilizations for millennia. Black beans are also rich in micro-nutrients, with plentiful amounts of folate, vitamin B1, iron and magnesium

Here in Europe, we tend to think of refried Mexican beans, that réchauffé of beany nectar days in the making, sautéd with garlic, chilli, cumin and aromatic herbs and spices, more delectable with each day it matures (more…)

Yoga Nidra: 10 Ways To Boost Your Physical And Mental Health

Yoga Nidra: 10 Ways To Boost Your Physical And Mental Health

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Yoga Nidra Benefits: Unlock the Power of Deep Relaxation

In today’s fast-paced world, it’s easy to get caught up in the hustle and bustle of daily life. Too often you find yourself constantly on the go, keeping up with the demands of work, family, and social life. But amid all this hustle and bustle, it’s important to your wellbeing to take a step back, switch off and relax. And a great, accessible way of achieving this is through Yoga Nidra

Nidra is an ancient yoga practice. Literally meaning “sleep” Nidra is a special kind of sleep: it is the sleep of the yogi: – a psychic sleep that takes you to a state of deep relaxation. As you lie down and follow the practice, you go through a series of steps to help you release tension and stress from your body and mind leaving you refreshed, rejuvenated, and better able to deal with life’s challenges.

With regular practice, Yoga Nidra will give you all the rich benefits of deep relaxation, from stress-reduction and improved sleep to physical health improvement including lowered inflammation, enhanced pain sensitivity and better cardio-respiratory health. 

So, if you’re ready to enjoy the benefits of Yoga Nidra, read on and discover how this ancient practice can help you stay cool in a hectic world.

Deep Relaxation Vs. Traditional Meditation

sitting meditation

While there are similarities between Nidra and traditional meditation, there are also some key differences.

Traditional meditation is concerned with quietening the thinking mind while remaining fully alert. To avoid drowsiness – a major obstacle to meditation – you remain upright, most commonly seated, throughout the practice. 

Yoga Nidra is different. The focus of Nidra is on deep relaxation, a place where the body and mind are completely at ease. Yet Nidra is also distinct from normal sleep. It is a “liminal” state at the very edge of sleep and waking. In this state, the body is able to heal itself, and the mind is able to process the events of the day. 

Since drowsiness is not a hindrance Nidra can be practiced in any position, seated or lying, making it rather easier to do for longer periods

Yoga Nidra is a guided practice. Your Nidra teacher will guide you through a series of steps to help relax your body and quieten your mind allowing your whole system to recharge and reset. 

The Science Of Yoga Nidra

Evidence for the mechanisms and benefits of nidra are based on what is known of the relaxation response. This is a natural response of the body, where the “rest-and-digest” parasympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system predominates.

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Comprised of two branches – the sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) – the autonomic nervous system (ANS) coordinates physiological responses to external and internal stimuli.

The SNS is responsible for the commonly known “fight-or-flight” response, activating when we encounter a threat or perceive danger. This response triggers a surge of adrenaline, cortisol and other stress hotmones, increasing our heart rate, blood pressure, and generally preparing us for action. While the fight-or-flight response is a survival imperative in the short term, chronic activation of the SNS can lead to heightened stress levels, accompanied by tissue damage and emotional dysregulation.

the PNS on the other hand, is responsible for the “rest-and-digest” response, helping us relax and recuperate after a stressful event

This system works primarily through a nerve known as the vagus (wanderer) which delivers rest and and repair signals to the internal organs to reduce stress and tension and allow the body to heal and replenish its resources.

When you practice Yoga Nidra, you’re able to activate the parasympathetic response to reduce stress and tension and reset all your vital functions to benefit your total physical and mental health.

Practicing Yoga Nidra

Yoga Nidra is a systematic, structured practice which you can follow. a nidra teacher will guide you, live or via pre-recorded script through a series of steps

The systematic, step-by-step practice of Yoga Nidra has been covered in my article what is yoga nidra? For convenience the steps of Yoga nidra are summarized below

Though Nidra schools vary in how they sequence and emphasize (or omit) the various elements, these can be broken down into five major steps. These are

  1. body scan
  2. working ith breath
  3. working with opposite feelings and sensation
  4. recalling images
  5. observing and abiding in silence

10 Benefits Of Yoga Nidra

yoga nidra benefits

Yoga Nidra has many benefits, physical and mental. While Nidra and Hatha Yoga share many common benefits, Nidra practices offer you an especially powerful to down-regulate your stress response at the same time as helping you foster health-promoting positive attitudes.

Both of these mental states lead to a reduction in sympathetic fight-flight reponses and circulating stress hormones, with rest-and-repair activity is actively enhanced. This is a deeply healing state where your body can rest and repair and your mind can release stress and trauma and enjoy deep calm.

Here Are Ten Major Benefits From Practicing Yoga Nidra

(click the tabs to open)

1- Lowered Inflammation

Though protective and essential for our survival, persistent or chronic inflammation leads to tissue damage and is harmful to the body

Persistent inflammation is a major cause of

  • blood vessel damage, leading to fat deposition and narrowing with consequences including heart attack and stroke
  • joint and other musculoskeletal pain
  • skin conditions such as psoriasis and more

Inflammation has also been linked to mood disturbances, including depression and anxiety

Yoga Nidra helps reduce inflammation by activating the rest-and-digest parasympathetic nervous system. Activity of the main parasympathetic nerve, the Vagus, has been shown to actively inhibit inflammatory cells by down-regulating the relevant genes

 

2 - Resetting of pain sensitivity

Pain is an unpleasant sensation experienced within the brain in response to numerous conditions. While we reasonably think of pain is a marker of tissue damage, this is only partially true

Pain may arise from a number of causes, including tissue damage and inflammation, which is accompanied by increased pain sensitivity

Pain may persist after an injury has repaired to become chronic

Pain perception is strongly linked to your psychological state. Fear, anxiety and depression heighten pain sensitivity, while optimism and positive relationships can lessen the sensation of pain

Yoga Nidra is beneficial in pain management in several ways. By inducing deep relaxation, Nidra up-regulates parasympathetic activity to

  • reduce inflammation
  • lower the stress response while encouraging positive attitudes

 

3 - Optimization of internal organ functions

By reducing arousal and shifting autonomic tone towards parasympathetic Nidra reduces circulating stress hormones and stimulates rest-and-repair responses, allowing your body to return to balance and optimal function

Notable benefits include improved management of

  • irritable bowel
  • acid reflux and gastritis
  • blood pressure
  • respiratory health

4 - Stress management and emotional resilience

Anxiety, panic and depression all benefit from Nidra practice

Deep relaxation reduces the perception of threat and enhances the feeling of safety to improve your mental wellbeing

5 - Better Sleep

As you learn to relax and develop greater resilience toward stress you will be better able to leave the day’s stresses and challenges behind and let your body and mind enjoy a good night’s sleep

6 - Enhanced creativity

Nidra is a journey from the physical body all the way to deepest layers of consciousness, the source of intelligence and creativity

Practicing Nidra allows you to tap into your creative source to help you become more insightful, purposeful, and resourceful in your quest to live your best life

7 - Improved cognitive brain power

Yoga, meditation and deep relaxation have all been linked with lifting brain-fog and increasing mental clarity. Improvements have been found in

  • cognitive functions including focus, memory and learning
  • executive function, allowing you to make more effective decisions

 

8 - Better personal and professional relationships

A cardinal feature of rest-and-digest is its association with social engagement

When the feeling of danger triggers fight-and-flight responses your brain is focused on immediate survival, a condition here competition and self-interest are advantageous

Yet we are social animals and thrive by creating communities which cooperate towards a set of common goals.

The condition for social engagement is a felt sense of safety. When mammals, humans included, feel safe they display social behaviours like grooming, sharing (and eating) food, and play. They also display greater sexual arousal, a point which has led to the parasympathetic nervous activity also being called feed-and-breed!

By actively fomenting a felt sense of safety Yoga Nidra will help you better connect with others, at home, at work and in your social activities

 

9 - Trauma resolution

A traumatic event can throw the brain into a state of hypervigilance and anxiety where the event may be repeatedly recalled and the brain is unable to fully let go and swtich off

There is some evidence of PTSD being associated with dysregulation of brain-waves

In his Polyvagal theory, the neuroscientist Stephen Porgess has also stipulated a possible link with our most primitive survival reflex of freezing in response to overhelm or terror

By stimulating brain waves associated with deep sleep, the so called delta brain waves, Nidra may help to regulate dysfunctional brain activity associated with PTSD

The deliberate creation of positive mental states may also help with the hypervigilance experienced by PTSD sufferers

10 - Manifestation of your heart-felt desire

A singular, if not universally practiced, step in Yoga Nidra is the element of sankalpa: an expression of a heart-felt desire through a short phrase stated at the beginning of the practice and reiterated at the end

Different schools may place more or less emphasis on sankalpa, some omitting it altogether. Nevertheless, it is an integral part of the Yoga Nidra tradition

Your sankalpa may be an intention for the practice, or it may be clear desire to see something (positive) happen in your own lifetime. it may be a personal goal, or a universal principle such as humans coming together to save our planet from overheating

The power of mind is a major part of yoga theory and practice. Mind, breath and vital air (prana) are manifestations of one pervading universal intelligence. Thus the disciplined, focused mind can direct prana towards a given goal. This is the basis of what we in West call manifesting

Whether or not you include sankalpa in your practice is a personal choice depending on how it resonates with your world view. Either way the regular practice of Nidra will yield all of the above and many more amazing benefits

And Yet More Benefits …

click the link to see how you can enjoy more fantastic benefits from practicing ha-tha yoga 

Yoga Nidra Resources and Courses

If you’re interested in practicing Yoga Nidra, there are many resources and courses available. You can start your exploration with on of the many guided practices available online.  Or you may prefer to attend a Yoga Nidra class at a local studio.

There are also many books and courses available to help you to learn more about this ancient practice.

Here are some YouTube resources for you to try

Conclusion

Yoga Nidra is an ancient practice that can help you to unlock the power of deep relaxation. There are numerous schools each offering different styles of practice as well varying goals and objectives. Intention plays a relatively prominent role in the Bihar School founded by Swami Satyananda Saraswati. IRest Yoga Nidra has a more clinical perspective and is more oriented towards mental wellbeing.

By following a guided practice, you can enter a state of rest that is deeper than normal sleep. This can help to reduce stress and tension, lower blood pressure, and improve overall health.

If you want to experience the benefits of Yoga Nidra for yourself, start practicing today. With regular practice, you will surely find solace in a demanding and busy world.

What Is Yoga Nidra? Discovering An Ancient Practice For Modern Times:

What Is Yoga Nidra? Discovering An Ancient Practice For Modern Times:

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What Is Yoga Nidra?

Yoga Nidra is an ancient practice used for centuries to help practitioners release stress and tension, enjoy greater physical and emotional health and connect with their deeper self.

Literally meaning “sleep”, Nidra is a form of deep relaxation that takes you to the edge of wakefulness and sleep. It is a yogic or “psychic” sleep in the form of a guided journey from the waking state to an experience of profound relaxation and peace.

In this article, we’ll explore what Yoga Nidra is, how it works, and how to practice it, as well as discussing some of the many benefits it has to offer you.

Why Practice Yoga Nidra?

Yoga Nidra is an ancient yoga practice known as yogic or psychic sleep. This is a form of meditation where you to enter a state of deep relaxation.

Nidra is a guided practice consisting of a series of steps starting from an awareness of the body and breath through stages of creative imagery to a state of complete repose where you can relax your body and quieten your mind

Yoga Nidra is different from normal sleep. It is a “liminal” state at the very edge of waking consciousness, just before you enter sleep.

Deep relaxation is essential for good health, allowing your body and mind to recharge and reset. Regular practice of Yoga Nidra has been linked to numerous health benefits, from stress-reduction and improved sleep, to lower background levels of inflammation, resetting of pain sensitivity, and significant enhancements in cardio-vascular, digestive and other vital areas of health and wellbeing

What Is The Difference Beteen Yoga Nidra And Meditation?

Yoga Nidra is often described as a form of meditation. While there are similarities between Nidra and traditional meditation, there are also some key differences.

Where meditation seeks to quieten the mind while staying fully alert, Nidra focuses on deep relaxation, a state of being where the body and mind are completely at ease. 

Traditional meditation is a discipline. It calls for focus and attention. Whether you are giving your attention to a single sound, image or idea, or nurturing the habit of staying present to the totality of sensations, thoughts and feelings inhabiting the here-and-now, there is effort to maintain your focus. The effort is gentle, patient and kind, but it is there. Meditation is normally practiced sitting to encourage mental alertness

Nidra lets you relax into a trance-like state close to sleep. It encourages you to let go of effort and is usually practiced lying down in a totally relaxed position. Nidra will yield its effects whether you remain awake or nod off into a snooze. As you follow the teacher’s voice, their instructions will be registered and processed whatever your level of conscious awareness

How Does Yoga Nidra Work?

Yoga Nidra brings about many of its benefits by stimulating the “rest-and-digest” parasympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system.

The autonomic nervous system regulates the activity of your internal organs to produce an orchestrated response appropriate for a given situation. The system consists of a flight-fight sympathetic portion in response to challenges and a rest-and-digest parasympathetic portion associated with safety and relaxation. The two systems work together, see-saw function, to produce a balanced effect (autonomic tone) appropriate to an ever changing physical, social and psychological environment

The stress response is essential not only for survival, but also to motivate you to be active and pursue your goals. Because we modern humans spend so much of our time in a state of arousal, our bodies use up resources with little time to replenish them and to repair the damage caused. As a result, we pay by suffering the diseases of our modern age: heart disease, obesity, diabetes and malignancy among others

It therefore becomes a wellbeing imperative to make time and space for activities which actively encourage rest-and-digest.

Thie parasympathetic system works largely through a complex, multi-functional nerve known as the Vagus (wanderer) to bring about rest and and repair, helping to reduce stress and tension in the body. When you practice Yoga Nidra, you’re able to activate this response to reduce stress and tension, reset all your vital functions and boost your total physical and mental health.

The 5 Stages Of Yoga Nidra

Yoga Nidra is a structured, systematic practice. It is usually led by a teacher who may be physically present, in-person or on-line, or via a recorded script. Though there are numerous variations, Nidra practice falls into five main stages: following an initial preparation, the focus passes from body and breath onto various stages of imagery which eventually settle into the stillness of Nidra

Preparing To Practice Nidra

  • The practice begins with an initial preparation, where you’ll be invited to establish a conducive environment and a relaxed position to let you turn your attention inwards.
  • * Next, you state an intention (Sanskrit: sanklpa) for the practice. This may be achieve the deepest relaxation possible, or heal an ailment, or something that you would like to see happen to you, or some other person or group of people. It should be imbued with great feeling, and express a deep heart-felt desire. Your sankalpa will take the form of a specific phrase which you actively repeat one or more times.

Not everyone practices sankalpa. Swami Satyananda, one of the earliest teachers of Nidra in the West, places great emphasis on sankalpa, considering a central reason for practicing Nidra. Others may prefer to skip the practice.
Check out this short video about sankalpa by Yoga Nidra Teacher Leela Miller from yoopod.com

Yoga Nidra Practice

  1. The first is a stage of rotation of awareness around the body. You may visualize, feel (sense) or even name the various body parts as you try to connect with the life of your body
  2. A stage of breath awareness follows. Here you will practice various ways of connecting with the breath. A common method is to count the exhalations from 10 to 1, repeatedly
  3. Next you’re invited to work with feelings and sensations. This is most often approached using pairs of opposites, such as heat and cold, heaviness and lightness, happiness and sadness. The practice encourages you to accept the pleasant and unpleasant with equanimity and is believed to balance and harmonize the two brain hemispheres.
    Working with opposites can help with trauma resolution. On the other hand, the practice may also trigger an acute traumatic state. In such instances it’s essential to desist and consider working through this under the guidance of a professional therapist.
  4. The fourth stage is one of visualization. Here you’ll create a specific set of images or experiences which foster a positive mental state. You may for example set a scene where you feel safe and able to completely relax, or follow a guided journey involving imagery.  such as a feeling of safety, 
  5. In the fifth and last step of Nidra you let go of imagery to watch the space immediately in front of you, observing it as a blank screen. Onto this screen, images may form and dissolve spontaneously, or it may remain a silent, empty space where you can enjoy the deepest level of peace and tranquility
  6. A negotiated return using the breath and gentle movements concludes the practice

Understanding the Stages Of Nidra

Nidra, And The 5 Sheaths 

Yoga Nidra is structured as a journey through the five layers of being. Ancient yogic texts (Taittiriya and Mandukya Upanishads) describe human beings as composed of three bodies consisting of five layers or sheaths:

  1. food sheath (sanskrit: Annamaya kosha) – the physical body
  2. energy sheath (Pranamaya kosha) – the vital force. You may be more familiar with prana as the chi of chinese medicine, from which it is indistinguishable. Expressed through the breath, though not itself the breath, prana is sometimes referred to as the vital air
  3. mental – emotional sheath (Manomaya kosha) – that aspect of the mind concerned with thinking and feeling
  4. intellectual – knowledge sheath (Vijñānamaya kosha) – the seat of higher intelligence including insight and creativity
  5. blissful sheath (Anandamaya kosha) – the deepest layer of individual being, it may be associated with the unconsciousness of deep sleep, or the superconscious state of spiritual enlightenment

The five steps of Yoga Nidra take us on a journey through these layers of being, from the purely physical all the way to the bliss of stillness

Nidra Practice Summary

STAGE

BENEFIT

SHEATH

Preparation

Facilitates the practice

physical body

Sankalpa

Clarifies and manifests your goals and values

energy body

Body scan

Embodiment takes you from thinking to sensing and anchors you in the here-and-now

thinking / feeling body

Breath awareness

Works through the breath to calm the mind

creative / intuitive body

Pairs of opposites

Improves emotinal balance and resilience

causal / blissful body

Visualization

Nurtures positive mental attitudes and connects you to your creative source

Silence

Lets you abide in the healing balm of true peace

Sankalpa

Clarify and helps manifest your intention

Return

Helps you bring the benefits of Nidra to your daily activities

Benefits Of Practising Yoga Nidra

Yoga Nidra has a huge array of benefits, both physical and psychological. Nidra practices offer you a powerful tool to both down-regulate your stress response and also to help you foster health-promoting positive attitudes.

These mental states lead to a reduction in sympathetic fight-flight reponses and circulating stress hormones, while actively enhancing rest-and-repair activity. The result is a deeply healing state where your body can rest and repair and your mind can release stress and trauma and enjoy deep calm.

Yoga, mindfulness and deep relaxation, including Nidra, have been shown to exert a powerful and positive influence on the most common causes of illness and mortality of our day including

optimization of cardiac and respiratory functions

a lowering of blood pressure

reduction of bad and increase in good blood cholesterol

down-regulation of inflammation

improved digestion, bowel transit and elimination

more effective stress management concurrent with a reduction in stress hormones

improvement in mood, including relief from anxiety and depression

similar improvements in cognitive brain functions, including enhanced mental clarity and increased memory

and, of course, improvements in sleep

How To Practice Yoga Nidra

what is yoga nidra? A liminal state of deep relaxation

Before you practice Yoga Nidra, it’s important to prepare your body and mind.

Wear comfortable clothing, and make sure that the room is quiet and free from distractions. You can use props, such as blankets or pillows, to make yourself more comfortable.

If you intend to include an intention (sankalpa) in your practice, reflect on what you would like this to be, and turn it into a definite short phrase. Use this same phrase word for word each time you practice.

It’s a good idea to practice at the same time each day, as this can help to establish a routine and make it easier to relax.

A Starter Yoga Nidra Practice
1: Body Scan

Here, then, is a guided Yoga Nidra for you to try. This is a short taster practice involving a body scan to take you from thinking to listening and sensing.

You’ll find links to more complete Nidra scripts in the resources section below

Yoga Nidra Resources: Classes and Free Scripts

If you’re interested in practicing Yoga Nidra, there are many resources and courses available. You can find guided practices online, or attend a Yoga Nidra class at a local studio. There are also many books and courses available that can help you to learn more about this ancient practice.

Here are some YouTube recordings from three distinct Nidra schools for you to try

The Meaning Of Yoga: Origins, Philosophy And Practice

The Meaning Of Yoga: Origins, Philosophy And Practice

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What Is The True Meaning Of Yoga?

Yoga has become a mainstream phenomenon, with millions of people practicing it worldwide. Yoga has been associated with almost countless benefits, and its practice is joyful and life enhancing. But have you ever wondered about the origins and philosophy behind this ancient practice?

Yoga has a long and rich history dating back thousands of years, with roots in India and connections to Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. Its practices include physical postures, but go beyond, embracing spirituality, and self-awareness

How would a knowledge of yoga philosophy be useful? How you understand your practice will not only enrich what you do on the mat, but allow you to integrate yoga into your life to bring about deep and lasting changes. By understanding the principles behind yoga you can unlock its mysteries and more fully access its transformative power

What Is Yoga?

Derived from the Sanskrit root yuj, meaning yoke, yoga means union. But what is united with what? In the popular mind yoga integrates mind and body. And certainly, embodied awareness brings advantages, helping you you use your body optimally to minimize wear and release tension, as well as reducing anxiety and generally improving emotional resilience

However, therapeutic as it is as a mind-body practice, yoga is at source a spiritual practice: a quest to discover our innermost nature and experience the oneness of all

In its original meaning yoga refers to a vary particular type of union: the union of individual awareness with universal consciousness. This direct experience is described as beyond thought, thus one of yoga’s most famous (and my personal favourite) definitions, as expressed by Patanjali, author of the Yoga Sutras:

“Yogas-chitta-vritti-norodhah:

“Yoga is the suspension of the thinking processes of the mind

This is in direct contradiction to mainstream Western thinking, which is polarized in the mind. For the Westerner, to stop thinking is to cease to be. And in a sense this is true. When we stop thinking our individuality vanishes. For the yogis of old, the ultimate anihilation of the little self gives way to a realization of your true self. As a metaphor, think of an empty tumbler. The glass is the ego. The Space within is the individual. And the space without the universal. What happens when we take away the glass?

History of Yoga – Ancient Indian Roots

The origins of yoga can be traced back to the Indus-Sarasvati civilization in Northern India (modern day Pakistan) over 5,000 years ago. The practice was originally developed as a way to achieve spiritual enlightenment and connect with the divine

Though over time yoga has evolved and developed into countless different schools and traditions, all yoga systems are variations of just four classical types of yoga, each more or less suited to the temperament of the practitioner:

  1. Jñana (pronounced gyana) yoga: is the yoga of study and reflecting on universal truths. It’s practiced by those of a more intellectual, reflective disposition.
  2. Bhakti yoga: engages the emotions toward a devotional ideal and suitable for those more anchored in the realm of feelings
  3. Karma yoga: the yoga of action not for self-gain is to be practiced by those of a more extrovert, action-centred disposition
  4. Raja (Royal) yoga: the yoga of order and method. Raja Yoga was systematized somewhere between 200 BCE and 200 CE by the sage Patanjali in the form of aphorisms (sutras) describing eight steps to wisdom. Raja is synonymous with Ashtanga on account of having 8 (ashta) limbs (anga)

In the 20th century, yoga spread to the West where it became popularized as a form of exercise and stress relief. Today, yoga is practiced all over the world, with countless schools typically bearing the name of a style (yin, vinnie, restorative, dynamic) or a teacher (Sivananda, Muktananda, Iyengar). What binds them all is that virtually all modern yogas are schools of Hatha, itself a branch of Patanjali’s eight-limbed path, Raja Yoga

The Philosophy of Yoga – Understanding The Eight Limbs Of Ashtanga

Hatha is widely considered to be a variant of Raja Yoga. In the opening lines Swami Swatmarama, author of the Hatha Yoga Pradipika (Light On Hatha Yoga), says

Yogi Svatmarama, after saluting the Lord and teacher, explains the science of Hatha for one reason—Raja Yoga

For those ignorant of Raja Yoga, wandering in the darkness of too many opinions, compassionate Svatmarama gives the light of Hatha

A composite of two words, Ha (Sun) and Tha (Moon), Hatha seeks to put you in touch with the essential oneness of opposite and complimentary aspects of yourself and your environment

PRINCIPLE

QUALITIES

NERVOUS SYSTEM

HA

Sun: warm, active, energetic

sympathetic

THA

Moon: cool, reflective, calming

parasympathetic

Hatha being none other than Ashtanga, let’s take a look at this yoga of meditation. The Raja Yoga Sutras enumerate eight steps to wisdom. These are:

  1. Yama – ethical standards and integrity
  2. Niyama – self-discipline and spiritual observances
  3. Asana – physical postures
  4. Pranayama – breathwork
  5. Pratyahara – withdrawal of the senses
  6. Dharana – concentration with effort
  7. Dhyana – meditation or flowing awareness
  8. Samadhi – the transcendental state of pure and blissful awareness

The first 2 limbs deal with principles for living in harmony with yourself and others.  Though an essential part of the yoga path, they are outside the scope of this article and beyond the remit of the yoga class, and will be treated separately

The remaining six are the subject of this article and we will discuss them in a philosophical and practical context below

Hatha Yoga: Your Body Is Your Temple

Hatha, with its emphasis on physical postures, breath regulation and mindful attention is the essence of modern day yoga practice. Yet behind their outer form hatha practices remain a system for quietening the mind through meditation

Hatha seeks to join the active, warm, outgoing principle (ha) with the receptive, cool, reflective principle (tha) through practices centred on body-work, breath-regulation and mindfulness

Similar to the Chinese system of meridians, Hatha describes 72,000 nadis (literally rivers) transmitting the vital energy prana which gives us life. Of these, three are vital: Ida, Pingala and Shushumna

NADI

TRAJECTORY

TRANSMITS

IDA

Right Side

Rising energy

PINGALA

Left Side

falling energy

SHUSHUMNA

Central

spiritual energy

yoga physlosophy - the menaing of yoga

Associated with the active principle ha,Ida runs on the right of the spine

Pingala, associated with the receptivetha principle runs on the left

Ida and Pingala cris-cross as they ascend, creating vortices of energy at their intersections which you may know as the system of chakras (wheels). Each chakra represents a level of being. We will deal with these in a later article

The third channel, Shushumna, runs straight in the midline from the tailbone to the top of the head. Shushumna is ordinarily dormant

During waking, dreaming and deep sleep life force (prana) flows in Ida and Pingala

The goal of Hatha is to unite the Ha with the Tha, Ida with Pingala, to awaken the serpent power, Kundalini Shakti, which resides in the coccyx or tailbone, allowing it to ascend through the Shushumna to reveal the true nature of the self and the universe

Doing And Being

If you follow the eight steps you’ll see that Patanjali takes us from doing and not doing (worthy deeds) to sensing (turning your attention within and holding it there) to being (entering a state of abiding through to complete absorption)

Yoga is both the process of practising yoga and the state achieving yoga or union, it´s both the path and the goal. In Indian thought acting, thinking and feeling are all actions. Modern neuroscience concurs with this having established that the same brain areas involved in planning and executing movement organize thinking process

Motor activity has an affinity with the ha principle and is associated with Ida Nadi

Sensory perception belongs to the tha principle and is linked to pingala nadi

But yoga is ultimately about stillness. Stillness belongs to the realm of Shumuna Nadi

Just like falling asleep, being can arise naturally under the right conditions. Try this observational body mindfulness combining doing and being

PRACTICAL 1 – Sitting: Doing, Sensing And Being

Assume an easy, comfortable sitting position

Notice your posture: is you body comfortable and relaxed? Or tense and in discomfort? Is your reaction to stay put or change your position? Can you alter your position to feel more at ease? Where in the body can you feel tension? Which areas are relaxed? Are there areas that you feel disconnected from, where you feel little or nothing?

Feel free to support parts of your body with cushions or a folded blanket. Are there areas that remain tense?

Now, notice your breath in the body. Can you feel your heart beating? How does your belly feel? How does your chest feel? Let your body speak to you. Listen to what it’s saying

Without losing sight of your body, notice the space around you. Feel the air against your skin. Its temperature and humidity. Notice the sounds around you. While these are external stimuli, they are registered within your own consciousness. They are a part of you

Notice your thoughts. What are you thinking about? How are you feeling? If you find yourself following a train of thought, come back to your body and breath. Maintain an awareness of the whole perceptive field. Notice impressions come and go, like clouds in the sky. Foment an attitude of curiosity. Be gentle and loving with all your experiences

Holding the whole field of awareness, repeat to yourself

Just sitting, I know that I am just sitting

Repeat this a few times while observing your entire perceptive field. Be with yourself for a minute or two. Stay a while longer. Or read on…

Yoga and the Body – Asana

This quiet, observant attitude can be applied to any and all of activities fast and slow, from practising yoga asanas to all your daily activities

We typically start asana practice by trying to perform the asana correctly, the definition of correct depending on the style and teacher. You think about your posture and alignment, appraise its quality and make necessary adjustments. Breath helps you enhance body awareness and relax unnecessary effort.

Gradually, you begin to relax your effort as posture, movement, breath and attention flow. As you continue to observe your whole field of awareness, stillness emerges as settling of the body into a posture or movement that’s finely balanced, dynamic and joyful. The process continues, as you, the observer, are able to remain still

Benefits Of Practising Asanas

In common with other hatha practices, the primary purpose of asanas is to clear the body’s energy channels, the physical counterpart of this being expressed as

  • improved circulation and
  • enhanced nerve-signal transmission

In addition to increasing tissue nutrition, improved circulation assists the function of the hormonal (endocrine) and immune systems which, together with the nervous system constitute the body’s primary regulatory mechanism, to keep you healthy, happy and alive

Different asanas also afford specific benefits, from releasing tension and stiffness to facilitating mobility and building strength and stability. Asana work has been used to successfully treat many aches and pains, especially those of a more chronic nature, improving joint and muscle function, circulation, and overall fitness

Asanas are a major tool for enhancing body awareness. Increased awareness of the body in space (proprioception, kinaesthesia) is associated with a reduction in injuries. More generally, embodied consciousness is associated with a reduction in anxiety and improved emotional resilience

The Importance of Breathwork in Yoga: Pranayama

Breathwork, or prana (vital air) – yama (restraint), is an essential part of yoga. Prana, the life-force, has its primary expression in the body as breath. In the mind, prana manifests as thinking and feeling. By calming the breath, we calm the movement of prana. Just as pranayama helps to still the mind to allow us to experience our true nature, which lies beyond thought, breath can also calm the mind to reduce stress and anxiety and improve your mental health

There are many pranayamas in yoga. One well known technique involves breathing with the throat partially constricted. This Ujjayi is a heating breath that will energize you and focus the mind and body. Others, like alternate nostril breathing, will balance and calm the sympathetic and parasympathetic portions of the autonomic nervous system by regulating the flow of prana through ida and pingala

Or you may prefer to sit quietly , observing the breath, allowing the body to set the rhythm. However you practice breathwork you will be working with prana. Where prana moves the mind is active. Where prana rests, the mind is at peace

Benefits Of Pranayama

Pranayama in yoga is offered as a tool to still the mind and bring peace. There is a strong link between breath calming techniques and activation of the parasympathetic rest-and-repair portion of the nervous system. The action is mediated via an important nerve called the Vagus. You can read my article on the Vagus nerve here

Whether you seek to reach the superconscious state of enlightenment, enjoy moments of being, or want to live a healthier life with less stress, tension and anxiety, pranayama is a vital component of yoga’s healing power

Yoga and Meditation – Connecting Mind and Body

Meditation is an essential, if not a defining aspect of all yoga practices. Without meditation, yoga is indeed a system of physical and breathing exercises. The engagement of the mind in breath and body-work is the soul of all yoga practice

Though many meditation techniques exist, including mindfulness meditation, loving-kindness meditation, and transcendental mantra-based meditation, practices are generally of two complementary kinds:

  • one pointed absorption on a single object or concept
  • A dispassionate observation of the whole field of perception: bodily feelings, sights and sounds, thoughts, memories and emotions, without dwelling on any one

By practicing mindfulness, we can cultivate an awareness of our physical and mental habits and introduce a greater element of choice. On the yoga mat and in daily life, observing how you move, sit and stand lets you listen to the feedback from your body and introduce an element of choice. The choice to improve what can be changed. And also the choice to embrace things as they are

Benefits Of Meditation

Research into mindfulness has shown a great many physical and mental health benefits, notably associated with a reduction in stress and anxiety and a lifting of mood

In yoga, the physical postures are used as a preparation for meditation and as a meditation in itself. By focusing the mind on the body and the breath, we can quieten the mind and prepare for deeper states of meditation and self-awareness

Benefits of Yoga – Physical and Mental Health

The application of the ancient Buddhist practices of mindfulness to mental health, and the development of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) has led the way to a vast body of literature examining and demonstrating the benefits of meditation

Research into yoga practices soon followed, offering equally profound insights into the physical and mental health of practicing yoga. Importantly, the research has tended to emphasize the importance of yoga as a mindfulness based intervention (MBI), a trait shared with other systems, including Chi Qong, Tai’ Chi, and Pilates

Physically, yoga can help improve flexibility, strength, and balance, as well as reduce pain and inflammation. Yoga’s effects on inflammation are not mediated by an improvement in mechanics, but rather by a reduction in stress, leading to a change in nervous, hormonal and immune activity to actively down regulate inflammation promoting genes

Mentally, yoga helps reduce stress and anxiety and improve mood, sleep and cognitive function, as well as promoting self-awareness

Check my previous article for or a fuller account of how yoga benefits specific areas of wellbeing

Yoga – Finding A Practice That Works For You

Developing a holistic yoga practice involves going beyond the physical postures and breathwork to cultivate a mindful and compassionate attitude, first towards ourselves, and then extended towards others. This can be achieved through any combination of mindful movement, breath regulation, meditations on loving kindness and just gentle and patient self-observation, both within the class and beyond

Finding a practice that’s right for you requires exploring a variety of approaches, working preferably with a teacher who can support your needs and work with you to adapt the postures accordingly. 

In the same way we gravitate towards particular people and places, by trying out different styles and teachers, you will find a practice that resonates with you and supports your physical, mental, and spiritual health

If you´re new to yoga, start by taking a beginner’s class or workshop. Working with a teacher will start you off on a firm path with good habits on which to build your personal practice

If you are wanting to use yoga to resolve aches and pains or manage some health condition you will definitely want to start working one on one with a qualified teacher

Check our range of online yoga classes and Spanish yoga retreats

Conclusion – Embracing the Spiritual Journey of Yoga

Yoga is more than a physical practice – it’s a spiritual journey that can help you connect with your true self and the world in which you live

Yoga is something you do. And also a state of being you can experience and enjoy

Understanding the philosophy and origins of yoga gives you greater freedom to enjoy the full range of yoga´s transformative power

Whether you’re a seasoned yogi or just starting out, there’s always more to learn and discover on the path of yoga. Embrace the journey and let the light of yoga guide you towards a happier, healthier, and more meaningful life